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The European roller (''Coracias garrulus'') is the only member of the roller family of birds to breed in Europe. Its overall range extends into the Middle East and Central Asia and Morocco. There are two subspecies: the nominate ''garrulus'', which breeds from in north Africa from Morocco east to Tunisia, southwest and south-central Europe and Asia Minor east through northwest Iran to southwest Siberia; and ''semenowi'', which breeds in Iraq and Iran (except northwest) east to Kashmir and north to Turkmenistan, south Kazakhstan and northwest China (west Xinjiang). The European roller is a long-distance migrant, wintering in southern Africa in two distinct regions, from Senegal east to Cameroon and from Ethiopia west to Congo and south to South Africa. It is a bird of warm, dry, open country with scattered trees, preferring lowland open countryside with patches of oak ''Quercus'' forest, mature pine ''Pinus'' woodland with heathery clearings, orchards, mixed farmland, river valleys, and plains with scattered thorny or leafy trees. It winters primarily in dry wooded savanna and bushy plains, where it typically nests in tree holes. == Taxonomy == The rollers are medium-sized Old World birds of open woodland habitats. They have brightly coloured plumage and a hooked bill. Most are found south of the Sahara. The genus ''Coracias'' contains eight species of sit-and-wait hunters. The European roller is similar in appearance and behaviour to the Abyssinian roller, which appears to be its closest relative. These two birds and the lilac-breasted roller seem to share a common ancestry and could possibly be considered to form a subspecies.〔 .〕 The European roller was described by Linnaeus in his ''Systema naturae'' in 1758 under its current name.〔Linnaeus (1758) (p. 107. )〕 The genus name derives from Greek; ''korakias'' refers to a type of crow, perhaps the red-billed chough.〔Jobling (2010) p. 117〕 The species ''garrulus'' is from Latin and means chattering or noisy.〔Jobling (2010) p. 171.〕 There are two recognised subspecies:〔 〕 *''C. g. garrulus'' (Linnaeus, 1758): the nominate subspecies. Breeds in northwestern Africa, Europe and east through northernwestern Iran to southwestern Siberia.〔 *''C. g. semenowi'' (Loudon & Tschusi, 1902) Iraq and southern Iran east through Kashmir and southern Kazakhstan to Xinjiang in western China.〔Fry ''et al''. (1992) pp. 298–300.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「European roller」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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